Maintenance, Repair and Operations
- Maintenance, Repair and Operations
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MRO steht für Maintenance, Repair and Operations. MRO-Bedarfe sind die sog. "indirekten Bedarfe" in der Produktion eines Industriebetriebes. Diese Bedarfsgüter gehen im Gegensatz zum Fertigungsmaterial nicht substantiell in die Produkte ein: neben Instandhaltungsmaterial und Ersatzteilen sind dies insbesondere Betriebsstoffe und sonstige Prozessbedarfe wie schnellverschleißende Werkzeuge und Vorrichtungen. Typische Beispiele sind auch Büromaterial oder Hygienepapiere.
Im Einkauf unterscheiden sich MRO-Güter insbesondere in den Bestimmungsfaktoren und der Planbarkeit des Bedarfs sowie im zeitlichen Bedarfsverlauf. Bei einer großen Zahl an Bedarfspositionen hat ein Einzelbedarf meist nur ein relativ geringeres Volumen. Weiterhin handelt es sich in erheblichem Umfange um normierte Standardgüter, die in ähnlicher Form in mehreren Branchen benötigt werden. Bei MRO-Gütern kommt es deshalb wie bei C-Teilen auf eine effiziente Beschaffung an. Aufgrund ihrer Charakteristik eignen sich MRO-Güter in besonderem Maße für eine elektronische Beschaffung auf horizontalen elektronischen Marktplätzen.
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